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Master Cambridge A Level Economics — from first principles to full marks
Master the Cambridge International A Level Economics syllabus from AS to A2 — with crystal-clear theory, exam technique, and real-world application built for Form 5 & 6 students aiming for top grades.
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"I don't just teach you economics — I teach you how Cambridge wants you to think, write, and be rewarded for it."— Renstay
What you'll learn
What you'll be able to do
- Analyse microeconomic concepts — supply & demand, elasticity, market structures, and price theory — using Cambridge command words and diagram conventions
- Evaluate macroeconomic frameworks including national income, inflation, unemployment, monetary policy, and the balance of payments to A Level standard
- Write high-scoring structured data-response and essay answers by applying the Cambridge mark-scheme hierarchy (knowledge → application → analysis → evaluation)
- Interpret and critically assess real-world economic data, news extracts, and case studies as required in Paper 2 and Paper 4
- Construct accurate, fully labelled economic diagrams — AD/AS, PPF, cost curves, Lorenz curves, and more — under timed exam conditions
- Identify and confidently answer the most frequently tested Cambridge 9708 question types across both AS Level and A Level papers
How it works
A school that adapts to you
This isn't a set of static videos. Every lesson is generated live and tuned to where you actually are.
We learn your level
A quick placement check tailors your starting point so you're never bored or lost.
Lessons adapt as you go
Each lesson is written for your pace and your goal, adjusting as your skills grow.
Your AI coach keeps you moving
Checkpoints, feedback, and gentle nudges turn progress into a real result.
The curriculum
What's inside your school
50 modules · 252 lessons
1
Foundations of Economics & Exam Craft
Establishes the conceptual bedrock every Cambridge 9708 student needs before engaging with micro or macro content. Students learn how economists think, how Cambridge examiners mark, and how to draw diagrams correctly from day one — preventing the bad habits that cost marks in later papers.
- 1.1The Economic Problem & Fundamental ConceptsIncluded
- 1.2Decoding Cambridge Command Words & Mark-Scheme HierarchyIncluded
- 1.3Constructing Economic Diagrams to Cambridge StandardIncluded
2
Microeconomics I — Markets, Price Theory & Elasticity
Delivers the full AS-Level microeconomic core: how markets work, how prices are determined, how sensitive demand and supply are to changes, and what happens when markets produce suboptimal outcomes. Every lesson builds toward Cambridge Paper 2 data-response questions and the 8/12-mark essay structures tested at AS Level.
- 2.1Demand, Supply & Market EquilibriumIncluded
- 2.2Elasticity — PED, YED, XED & PESIncluded
- 2.3Consumer & Producer Surplus, Price Controls & Indirect TaxIncluded
- 2.4Market Failure — Externalities, Public Goods & Information GapsIncluded
- 2.5Costs, Revenue & Profit — The Firm's FoundationIncluded
3
Microeconomics II — Market Structures & Factor Markets
Applies the cost and revenue framework from Module 2 to analyse how different competitive environments determine price, output, efficiency, and profit. Extends into labour markets and income distribution — topics tested at A Level (Paper 4) that require both diagrammatic precision and sophisticated evaluation.
- 3.1Perfect Competition & MonopolyIncluded
- 3.2Monopolistic Competition & OligopolyIncluded
- 3.3Labour Markets, Wage Determination & InequalityIncluded
4
Macroeconomics I — National Income, Growth, Inflation & Unemployment
Builds the macroeconomic framework from national income accounting through to aggregate demand and supply analysis, inflation, and unemployment. These topics form the core of Cambridge Paper 3 (AS macro) and appear extensively in Paper 4 essays. Careful sequencing ensures students understand the measurement and circular flow before analysing equilibrium and policy.
- 4.1National Income — Measurement, Circular Flow & the MultiplierIncluded
- 4.2Aggregate Demand, Aggregate Supply & Macroeconomic EquilibriumIncluded
- 4.3Inflation — Causes, Consequences & Policy ResponsesIncluded
- 4.4Unemployment — Types, Causes & PolicyIncluded
5
Macroeconomics II — Monetary & Fiscal Policy, International Trade & Development
Extends macro analysis into policy instruments, the open economy, and development economics — the content that separates A Level from AS Level and dominates Cambridge Paper 4. Students learn to evaluate policy trade-offs, interpret balance of payments data, and apply development frameworks to real countries, building the sophisticated evaluation skills required for top-band marks.
- 5.1Money, Banking & Monetary PolicyIncluded
- 5.2Fiscal Policy & Government BudgetsIncluded
- 5.3International Trade, Protectionism & Exchange RatesIncluded
- 5.4Balance of Payments, Current Account & Policy ResponsesIncluded
- 5.5Economic Development, Inequality & Developing Country PolicyIncluded
6
Cambridge Exam Mastery — Papers, Technique & Timed Practice
Consolidates all prior learning into structured exam practice. Students develop the specific techniques required for Cambridge 9708 Paper 2 (AS data-response), Paper 3 (AS essay), Paper 4 (A Level essay and data-response), and the multiple-choice Paper 1. The module closes with a full mock exam, examiner-style feedback, and a personalised revision plan — ensuring every student knows exactly where their marks are being lost and how to recover them.
- 6.1Paper 1 — Multiple Choice Strategy & High-Frequency Question TypesIncluded
- 6.2Paper 2 & Paper 4 — Data-Response MasteryIncluded
- 6.3Essay Writing — Structure, Argument & Evaluation at A LevelIncluded
- 6.4Diagram Accuracy Under Exam PressureIncluded
- 6.5Mock Exam, Examiner Feedback & Personalised Revision StrategyIncluded
7
Scarcity, choice and opportunity cost
- 7.1fundamental economic problem of scarcityIncluded
- 7.2need to make choices at all levels (individuals, firms, governments)Included
- 7.3nature and definition of opportunity cost, arising from choicesIncluded
- 7.4basic questions of resource allocation what to produce how to produce • for whom to producIncluded
8
Economic methodology
- 8.1economics as a social scienceIncluded
- 8.2positive and normative statements (the distinction between facts and value judgementsIncluded
- 8.3meaning of the term ceteris paribusIncluded
- 8.4importance of the time period (short run, long run, very long runIncluded
9
Factors of production
- 9.1nature and definition of factors of production: land, labour, capital and enterpriseIncluded
- 9.2difference between human capital and physical capitalIncluded
- 9.3rewards to the factors of productionIncluded
- 9.4division of labour and specialisationIncluded
- 9.5role of the entrepreneur in contemporary economies: risk and organisation of the other factors of productionIncluded
10
Resource allocation in different economic systems
- 10.1decision-making in market, planned and mixed economiesIncluded
- 10.2resource allocation in these economic systemIncluded
11
Production possibility curves
- 11.1nature and meaning of a production possibility curve (PPC)Included
- 11.2shape of the PPC: constant and increasing opportunity costsIncluded
- 11.3causes and consequences of shifts in a PPCIncluded
- 11.4significance of a position within a PPCIncluded
12
Classification of goods and services
- 12.1nature and definition of free goods and private goods (economic goods)Included
- 12.2nature and definition of public goodsIncluded
- 12.3nature and definition of merit goods: under-consumption as a result of imperfect information in the marketIncluded
- 12.4nature and definition of demerit goods: over-consumption as a result of imperfect information in the marketIncluded
13
Demand and supply curves
- 13.1e ffective demandIncluded
- 13.2individual and market demand and supplyIncluded
- 13.3determinants of demandIncluded
- 13.4determinants of supplyIncluded
- 13.5causes of a shift in the demand curve (D)Included
- 13.6causes of a shift in the supply curve (S)Included
- 13.7distinction between the shift in the demand or supply curve and the movement along these curvesIncluded
14
Price elasticity, income elasticity and cross elasticity of demand
- 14.1definition of price elasticity, income elasticity and cross elasticity of demand (PED, YED, XED)Included
- 14.2formulae for and calculation of price elasticity, income elasticity and cross elasticity of demandIncluded
- 14.3significance of relative percentage changes, the size and sign of the coefficient of: • price elasticity of demand • income elasticity of demand • cross elasticity of demandIncluded
- 14.4descriptions of elasticity values: perfectly elastic, (highly) elastic, unitary elasticity, (highly) inelastic, perfectly inelasticIncluded
- 14.5factors affecting: • price elasticity of demand • income elasticity of demand • cross elasticity of demandIncluded
- 14.6relationship between price elasticity of demand and total expenditure on a productIncluded
- 14.7implications for decision-making of price elasticity, income elasticity and cross elasticity of demandIncluded
15
Price elasticity of supply
- 15.1definition of price elasticity of supply (PES)Included
- 15.2formula for and calculation of price elasticity of supplyIncluded
- 15.3significance of relative percentage changes, the size and sign of the coefficient of price elasticity of supplyIncluded
- 15.4factors affecting price elasticity of supplyIncluded
- 15.5implications for speed and ease with which firms react to changed market conditionsIncluded
16
The interaction of demand and supply
- 16.1definition of market equilibrium and disequilibriumIncluded
- 16.2effects of shifts in demand and supply curves on equilibrium price and quantityIncluded
- 16.3relationships between different markets: • joint demand (complements) • alternative demand (substitutes) • derived demand • joint supplyIncluded
- 16.4functions of price in resource allocation; rationing, signalling (transmission of preferences) and incentivisingIncluded
17
Consumer and producer surplus
- 17.1meaning and significance of consumer surplusIncluded
- 17.2meaning and significance of producer surplusIncluded
- 17.3causes of changes in consumer and producer surplusIncluded
- 17.4significance of price elasticity of demand and of supply in determining the extent of these changesIncluded
18
Reasons for government intervention in markets
- 18.1addressing the non-provision of public goodsIncluded
- 18.2addressing the over-consumption of demerit goods and the under-consumption of merit goodsIncluded
- 18.3controlling prices in marketsIncluded
19
Methods and effects of government intervention in markets
- 19.1impact and incidence of specific indirect taxesIncluded
- 19.2impact and incidence of subsidiesIncluded
- 19.3direct provision of goods and servicesIncluded
- 19.4maximum and minimum pricesIncluded
- 19.5buffer stock schemesIncluded
- 19.6provision of informationIncluded
20
Addressing income and wealth inequality
- 20.1difference between income as a flow concept and wealth as a stock conceptIncluded
- 20.2measuring income and wealth inequality: • Gini coefficient (calculation not required)Included
- 20.3economic reasons for inequality of income and wealthIncluded
- 20.4policies to redistribute income and wealth: • minimum wage • transfer payments • progressive income taxes, inheritance and capital taxes • state provision of essential goods and serviceIncluded
21
National income statistics
- 21.1meaning of national incomeIncluded
- 21.2measurement of national income: • Gross Domestic Product (GDP) • Gross National Income (GNI) • Net National Income (NNI)Included
- 21.3adjustment of measures from market prices to basic pricesIncluded
- 21.4adjustment of measures from gross values to net valuesIncluded
22
Introduction to the circular flow of income
- 22.1circular flow of income in a closed economy and an open economy: the flow of income between households, firms and government and the international economyIncluded
- 22.2injections and leakages (multiplier not required)Included
- 22.3equilibrium and disequilibrium (marginal and average propensities not required)Included
23
Aggregate Demand and Aggregate Supply analysis
- 23.1definition of Aggregate Demand (AD)Included
- 23.2components of AD and their meanings: AD = C + I + G + (X – M)Included
- 23.3determinants of AD (detailed knowledge of the components of AD is not required)Included
- 23.4shape of the AD curve (downward sloping)Included
- 23.5causes of a shift in the AD curveIncluded
- 23.6definition of Aggregate Supply (AS)Included
- 23.7determinants of ASIncluded
- 23.8shape of the AS curve in the short run (SRAS, upward sloping line or sweeping curve) and the long run (LRAS, either a vertical line or in three sections – highly elastic, upward sloping, vertical)Included
- 23.9causes of a shift in the AS curve in the short run (SRAS) and in the long run (LRAS)Included
- 23.10distinction between a movement along and a shift in AD and ASIncluded
- 23.11establishment of equilibrium in the AD/AS model and the determination of the level of real output, the price level and employmentIncluded
- 23.12effects of shifts in the AD curve and the AS curve on the level of real output, the price level and employmentIncluded
- 23.13Economic growthIncluded
- 23.14meaning of economic growthIncluded
- 23.15measurement of economic growthIncluded
- 23.16distinction between growth in nominal GDP and real GDPIncluded
- 23.17causes of economic growthIncluded
- 23.18consequences of economic growthIncluded
24
Unemployment
- 24.1meaning of unemploymentIncluded
- 24.2measures of unemployment, with reference to possible difficulties in measurementIncluded
- 24.3causes and types of unemployment: frictional, structural, cyclical, seasonal and technologicalIncluded
- 24.4consequences of unemploymentIncluded
25
Price stability
- 25.1definition of inflation, deflation and disinflationIncluded
- 25.2measurement of changes in the price level: • consumer price index (CPI) • possible difficulties in measurementIncluded
- 25.3distinction between money values (nominal) and real dataIncluded
- 25.4causes of inflation: cost-push and demand-pull inflationIncluded
- 25.5consequences of inflationIncluded
26
Government macroeconomic policy objectives
- 26.1use of government policy to achieve macroeconomic objectives: price stability, low unemployment, economic growth (policy conflicts and trade-offs are not required)Included
27
Fiscal policy
- 27.1meaning of government budgetIncluded
- 27.2distinction between a government budget deficit and a government budget surplusIncluded
- 27.3meaning and significance of the national debtIncluded
- 27.4taxation: • types of taxes: direct/indirect, progressive/regressive/proportional • rates of tax: marginal and average rates of taxation (mrt, art) • reasons for taxationIncluded
- 27.5government spending: • types of spending: capital (investment) and current • reasons for government spendingIncluded
- 27.6distinction between expansionary and contractionary fiscal policyIncluded
- 27.7AD/AS analysis of the impact of expansionary and contractionary fiscal policy on the equilibrium level of national income and the level of real output, the price level and employmentIncluded
28
Monetary policy
- 28.1definition of monetary policyIncluded
- 28.2tools of monetary policy: interest rates, money supply and credit regulationsIncluded
- 28.3distinction between expansionary and contractionary monetary policyIncluded
- 28.4AD/AS analysis of the impact of expansionary and contractionary monetary policy on the equilibrium national income and the level of real output, the price level and employmentIncluded
29
Supply-side policy
- 29.1meaning of supply-side policy, in terms of its effect on LRAS curvesIncluded
- 29.2objectives of supply-side policy: increasing productivity and productive capacityIncluded
- 29.3tools of supply-side policy, for example training, infrastructure development, support for technological improvementIncluded
- 29.4AD/AS analysis of the impact of supply-side policy on the equilibrium national income and the level of real output, the price level and employmentIncluded
30
The reasons for international trade
- 30.1distinction between absolute and comparative advantageIncluded
- 30.2benefits of specialisation and free trade (trade liberalisation), including the trading possibility curveIncluded
- 30.3exports, imports and the terms of trade: • measurement of the terms of trade • causes of changes in the terms of trade • impact of changes in the terms of tradeIncluded
- 30.4limitations of the theories of absolute and comparative advantageIncluded
31
Protectionism
- 31.1meaning of protectionism in the context of international tradeIncluded
- 31.2different tools of protection and their impact: • tariffs • import quotas • export subsidies • embargoes • excessive administrative burdens (‘red tape’)Included
- 31.3arguments for and against protectionismIncluded
32
Current account of the balance of payments
- 32.1components of the current account of the balance of payments: • current account: trade in goods, trade in services, primary income and secondary income • definition of balance and imbalances (deficit and surplus) in the current account of the balance of paymentsIncluded
- 32.2calculation of: • balance of trade in goods • balance of trade in services • balance of trade in goods and services • current account balance (CAB)Included
- 32.3causes of imbalances in the current account of the balance of paymentsIncluded
- 32.4consequences of imbalances in the current account of the balance of payments for the domestic and external economyIncluded
33
Exchange rates
- 33.1definition of exchange rateIncluded
- 33.2determination of a floating exchange rateIncluded
- 33.3distinction between depreciation and appreciation of a floating exchange rateIncluded
- 33.4causes of changes in a floating exchange rate: demand and supply of the currencyIncluded
- 33.5AD/AS analysis of the impact of exchange rate changes on the domestic economy’s equilibrium national income and the level of real output, the price level and employmentIncluded
- 33.6Policies to correct imbalances in the current account of the balance of paymentsIncluded
- 33.7government policy objective of stability of the current accountIncluded
- 33.8effect of fiscal, monetary, supply-side and protectionist policies on the current accountIncluded
34
Utility
- 34.1definition and calculation of total utility and marginal utilityIncluded
- 34.2diminishing marginal utilityIncluded
- 34.3equi-marginal principleIncluded
- 34.4derivation of an individual demand curveIncluded
- 34.5limitations of marginal utility theory and its assumptions of rational behaviourIncluded
35
Indifference curves and budget lines
- 35.1meaning of an indifference curve and a budget lineIncluded
- 35.2causes of a shift in the budget lineIncluded
- 35.3income, substitution and price effects for normal, inferior and Giffen goodsIncluded
- 35.4limitations of the model of indifference curvesIncluded
36
Efficiency and market failure
- 36.1definitions of productive efficiency and allocative efficiencyIncluded
- 36.2conditions for productive efficiency and allocative efficiencyIncluded
- 36.3Pareto optimalityIncluded
- 36.4definition of dynamic efficiencyIncluded
- 36.5definition of market failureIncluded
- 36.6reasons for market failureIncluded
37
Private costs and benefits, externalities and social costs and benefits
- 37.1definition and calculation of social costs (SC) as the sum of private costs (PC) and external costs (EC), including marginal social costs (MSC), marginal private costs (MPC) and marginal external costsIncluded
- 37.2definition and calculation of social benefits (SB) as the sum of private benefits (PB) and external benefits (EB), including marginal social benefits (MSB), marginal private benefits (MPB) and marginal external benefits (MEB)Included
- 37.3definition of positive externality and negative externalityIncluded
- 37.4positive and negative externalities of both consumption and productionIncluded
- 37.5deadweight welfare losses arising from positive and negative externalitiesIncluded
- 37.6asymmetric information and moral hazardIncluded
- 37.7use of costs and benefits in analysing decisions (knowledge of net present value is not required)Included
- 37.8Types of cost, revenue and profit, short-run and long-run productionIncluded
- 37.9short-run production function: • fixed and variable factors of production • definition and calculation of total product, average product and marginal product • law of diminishing returns (law of variable proportions)Included
- 37.10short-run cost function: • definition and calculation of fixed costs (FC) and variable costs (VC) • definition and calculation of total, average and marginal costs (TC, AC, MC), including average total cost (ATC), total and average fixed costs (TFC, AFC) and total and average variable costs (TVC, AVC) • explanation of shape of short-run average cost and marginal cost curvesIncluded
- 37.11long-run production function: • no fixed factors of production • returns to scaleIncluded
- 37.12long-run cost function: • explanation of shape of long-run average cost curve • concept of minimum efficient scaleIncluded
- 37.13relationship between economies of scale and decreasing average costsIncluded
- 37.14internal and external economies of scaleIncluded
- 37.15internal and external diseconomies of scaleIncluded
- 37.16definition and calculation of revenue: total, average and marginal revenue (TR, AR, MR)Included
- 37.17definition of normal, subnormal and supernormal profitIncluded
- 37.18calculation of supernormal and subnormal profitIncluded
38
Different market structures
- 38.1perfect competition and imperfect competition: monopoly, monopolistic competition, oligopoly, natural monopolyIncluded
- 38.2structure of the listed markets as explained by number of buyers and sellers, product differentiation, degree of freedom of entry and availability of informationIncluded
- 38.3barriers to entry and exit: • legal barriers • market barriers • cost barriers • physical barriersIncluded
39
Different market structures continued
- 39.1performance of firms in different market structures: • revenues and revenue curves • output in the short run and the long run • profits in the short run and the long run • shutdown price in the short run and the long run • derivation of a firm’s supply curve in a perfectly competitive market • efficiency and X-inefficiency in the short run and the long run • contestable markets: features and implications • price competition and non-price competition • collusion and the Prisoner’s Dilemma in oligopolistic markets, including a two-player pay-off matrixIncluded
- 39.2definition and calculation of the concentration ratioIncluded
40
Growth and survival of firms
- 40.1reasons for different sizes of firmsIncluded
- 40.2internal growth of firms: organic growth and diversificationIncluded
- 40.3external growth of firms – integration (mergers and takeovers): • methods of integration:– horizontal– vertical (forwards and backwards)– conglomerate • reasons for integration • consequences of integrationIncluded
- 40.4car tels: • conditions for an effective cartel • consequences of a cartelIncluded
- 40.5principal–agent problem arising from differing objectives of shareholders/owners and managersIncluded
41
Differing objectives and policies of firms
- 41.1traditional profit-maximising objective of firmsIncluded
- 41.2an understanding of other objectives of firms: • survival • profit satisficing • sales maximisation • revenue maximisationIncluded
- 41.3price discrimination – first, second and third degree: • conditions for effective price discrimination • consequences of price discriminationIncluded
- 41.4other pricing policies: • limit pricing • predatory pricing • price leadershipIncluded
- 41.5relationship between price elasticity of demand and a firm’s revenue: • in a normal downward sloping demand curve • in a kinked demand curveIncluded
42
Government policies to achieve efficient resource allocation and correct market failure
- 42.1application and effectiveness of measures to tackle different forms of market failure: • specific and ad valorem indirect taxes • subsidies • price controls • production quotas • prohibitions and licences • regulation and deregulation • direct provision • pollution permits • property rights • nationalisation and privatisation • provision of information • behavioural insights and ‘nudge’ theoryIncluded
- 42.2application and effectiveness of measures to tackle different forms of market failure: • specific and ad valorem indirect taxes • subsidies • price controls • production quotas • prohibitions and licences • regulation and deregulation • direct provision • pollution permits • property rights • nationalisation and privatisation • provision of information • behavioural insights and ‘nudge’ theoryIncluded
43
Equity and redistribution of income and wealth
- 43.1difference between equity and equalityIncluded
- 43.2difference between equity and efficiencyIncluded
- 43.3distinction between absolute poverty and relative povertyIncluded
- 43.4the poverty trapIncluded
- 43.5policies towards equity and equality, for example: • negative income tax • universal benefits and means-tested benefits • universal basic incomeIncluded
44
Labour market forces and government intervention
- 44.1demand for labour as a derived demandIncluded
- 44.2factors affecting demand for labour in a firm or an occupationIncluded
- 44.3causes of shifts in and movement along the demand curve for labour in a firm or an occupationIncluded
- 44.4marginal revenue product (MRP) theory: • definition and calculation of marginal revenue product • derivation of an individual firm’s demand for labour using marginal revenue productIncluded
- 44.5factors affecting the supply of labour to a firm or to an occupation: • wage and non-wage factorsIncluded
- 44.6causes of shifts in and movement along the supply curve of labour to a firm or an occupationIncluded
- 44.7wage determination in perfect markets: • equilibrium wage rate and employment in a labour marketIncluded
- 44.8wage determination in imperfect markets: • influence of trade unions on wage determination and employment in a labour market • influence of government on wage determination and employment in a labour market using a national minimum wage • influence of monopsony employers on wage determination and employment in a labour marketIncluded
- 44.9determination of wage differentials by labour market forcesIncluded
- 44.10transfer earnings and economic rent: • definition of transfer earnings • definition of economic rent • factors affecting transfer earnings and economic rent in an occupationIncluded
45
The circular flow of income
- 45.1The circular flow of income the multiplier process: • definition of the multiplier • formulae for and calculation of multiplier in a closed and open economy, with and without a government sector • calculation of:– average and marginal propensities to save (aps and mps) – average and marginal propensities to consume (apc and mpc) – average and marginal propensities to import (apm and mpm)– average and marginal rates of tax (art and mrt) • national income determination using AD and income approach with the multiplier process • calculation of effect of changing AD on national income using the multiplierIncluded
- 45.2components of Aggregate Demand (AD) and their determinants: • consumption function: autonomous and induced consumer expenditure • savings function: autonomous and induced savings • autonomous and induced investment; the accelerator • government spending • net exports (exports minus imports)Included
- 45.3full employment level of national income and equilibrium level of national income: • inflationary and deflationary gapsIncluded
46
Economic growth and sustainability
- 46.1actual growth versus potential growth in national outputIncluded
- 46.2positive and negative output gapsIncluded
- 46.3business (trade) cycle: • phases of the cycle • causes of the cycle • role of automatic stabilisersIncluded
- 46.4policies to promote economic growth and their effectivenessIncluded
- 46.5inclusive economic growth: • definition of inclusive economic growth • impact of economic growth on equity and equality • policies to promote inclusive growthIncluded
- 46.6sustainable economic growth: • definition of sustainable economic growth • using and conserving resources • impact of economic growth on the environment and climate change • policies to mitigate the impact of economic growth on the environment and climate changeIncluded
47
Employment/unemployment
- 47.1definition of full employmentIncluded
- 47.2equilibrium and disequilibrium unemployment (including hysteresis)Included
- 47.3voluntary and involuntary unemploymentIncluded
- 47.4natural rate of unemployment: • definition • determinants • policy implicationsIncluded
- 47.5patterns and trends in (un)employmentIncluded
- 47.6mobility of labour: • forms of labour mobility: geographical and occupational • factors affecting labour mobilityIncluded
- 47.7policies to reduce unemployment and their effectivenessIncluded
48
Money and banking
- 48.1definition, functions and characteristics of moneyIncluded
- 48.2definition of money supplyIncluded
- 48.3quantity theory of money (MV = PT)Included
- 48.4functions of commercial banks: • providing deposit accounts (demand deposit account, savings account) • lending money (overdrafts, loans) • holding or providing cash, securities, loans, deposits, equity • reserve ratio and capital ratio • objectives of commercial banks: liquidity, security, profitabilityIncluded
- 48.5causes of changes in the money supply in an open economy: • commercial banks as sources of credit creation and the bank credit multiplier • role of a central bank • government deficit financing • quantitative easing • changes in the balance of paymentsIncluded
- 48.6policies to reduce inflation and their effectivenessIncluded
- 48.7demand for money: liquidity preference theoryIncluded
- 48.8interest rate determination: loanable funds theory and Keynesian theoryIncluded
49
Government macroeconomic policy objectives
- 49.1objectives in terms of inflation, balance of payments, unemployment, growth, development, sustainability and redistribution of income and wealthIncluded
50
Links between macroeconomic problems and their interrelatedness
- 50.1relationship between the internal value of money and the external value of moneyIncluded
- 50.2relationship between the balance of payments and inflationIncluded
- 50.3relationship between growth and inflationIncluded
- 50.4relationship between growth and the balance of paymentsIncluded
- 50.5relationship between inflation and unemployment: • traditional Phillips curve • expectations-augmented Phillips curve (short- and long-run Phillips curve)Included
Who it's for
Is this you?
Form 6 A Level Candidate
Sitting 9708 in the upcoming series and needs to sharpen exam technique, close syllabus gaps, and practise full Paper 2 and Paper 4 answers before results day.
Form 5 AS Level Beginner
Just started the Cambridge Economics syllabus and wants a clear, structured foundation that builds micro and macro in the right sequence from day one.
Essay & Data-Response Driller
Understands the content but consistently loses marks on written papers — and wants to master the mark-scheme hierarchy to turn knowledge into high-scoring answers.
Diagram-Struggling Student
Loses marks on AD/AS, cost curves, and Lorenz diagrams due to missing labels or incorrect shifts, and needs step-by-step diagram construction to exam standard.
Private & Home-School Candidate
Studying without a school economics teacher and needs a complete, self-contained course that covers every topic and builds real exam readiness independently.
University-Bound High Achiever
Targeting an A or A* to meet a competitive university offer and wants rigorous, examiner-aligned practice to push from a B into the top grade band.
Questions
Frequently asked
Your teacher
A note from your teacher
Renstay
If you are a Form 5 or Form 6 student staring at an economics past paper and feeling like you understand the content but cannot quite get your answers to land — I want you to know that is exactly the problem this course was built to solve. Cambridge 9708 is not just an economics exam. It is an exercise in communicating economic thinking in a very specific, examinable way. And once you understand that system, the marks follow.
Here is what I see consistently: students who have read the textbook, attended their classes, and genuinely know their economics — but whose answers still sit in the mid-range because they are not yet writing to the mark scheme. They describe when they should be analysing. They state when they should be evaluating. They draw diagrams that are almost right but missing the one label an examiner needs to award the mark. This course is built to fix precisely those gaps.
In Cambridge Economics Pro, we move through the entire 9708 syllabus in the order it makes sense to learn it — from the economic problem and foundational concepts, through the full arc of micro and macro, to the exam mastery module where we put everything together under real exam conditions. Every concept is taught with Cambridge command words in mind. Every diagram is drawn to Cambridge conventions. Every worked essay answer is mapped explicitly to the knowledge → application → analysis → evaluation hierarchy that determines your final mark.
I have designed this to work whether you are sitting in Kuala Lumpur, Karachi, Harare, or Singapore — because the examiner marking your script works to the same standard regardless. The real-world data extracts, the Paper 2 data-response frameworks, the Paper 4 essay structures — all of it is calibrated to what Cambridge actually rewards, not what sounds impressive.
The final module — Cambridge Exam Mastery — is where students often tell me everything clicks. We drill Paper 1 multiple-choice strategy, work through data-response technique step by step, practise full essays with examiner-style feedback, and build a personalised revision plan for your specific weak points. You will not finish this course having passively watched lessons. You will finish it knowing exactly what to write, how to write it, and why it scores.
If you are serious about your Cambridge Economics result — whether that is a strong AS grade, a clean A2 performance, or a university offer that depends on it — I would genuinely love to be the guide that gets you there. Let's build this together.
— Renstay
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